MEASUREX 08518010
隨著可編程控制器的發(fā)展,其編程軟件呈現(xiàn)多樣化和化發(fā)展趨勢。由于可編程控制器類型較多,各個不同機(jī)型對應(yīng)編程軟件也是有一定的差別,特別是各個生產(chǎn)廠家的可編程控制器之間,它們的編程軟件不能通用,但是同一生產(chǎn)廠家生產(chǎn)的可編程控制器一般都可以使用。這一點(diǎn)請讀者注意的。
二、編程軟件編程語言表達(dá)方式
可編程控制器與一般的計算機(jī)相類似,在軟件方面有系統(tǒng)軟件和應(yīng)用軟件之分,只是可編程控制器的系統(tǒng)軟件由可編程控制器生產(chǎn)廠家固化在 ROM 中,一般的用戶只能在應(yīng)用軟件上進(jìn)行操作,即通過編程軟件來編制用戶程序。編程軟件是由可編程控制器生產(chǎn)廠家提供的編程語言,至今為止還沒有一種能適合各種可編程控制器的通用的編程語言,但是各個可編程控制器發(fā)展過程有類似之處,可編程控制器的編程語言即編程工具都大體差不多,一般有如下五種表達(dá)方式。
( 一 ) 梯形圖( Ladder Diagram )
MEASUREX 08518010
梯形圖是一種以圖形符號及圖形符號在圖中的相互關(guān)系表示控制關(guān)系的編程語言,它是從繼電器控制電路圖演變過來的。梯形圖將繼電器控制電路圖進(jìn)行簡化,同時加進(jìn)了許多功能強(qiáng)大、使用靈活的指令,將微機(jī)的特點(diǎn)結(jié)合進(jìn)去,使編程更加容易,而實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能卻大大超過傳統(tǒng)繼電器控制電路圖,是目前*普通的一種可編程控制器編程語言。
化整為零、順藤摸瓜、先主后輔、集零為整、安全保護(hù)、全面檢查。
采用化整為零的原則以某一電動機(jī)或電器元件(如接觸器或繼電器線圈)為對象,從電源開始,自上而下,自左而右,逐一分析其接通斷開關(guān)系。
2.分析方法與步驟
①分析主電路
無論線路設(shè)計還是線路分析都是先從主電路入手。主電路的作用是保證機(jī)床拖動要求的實(shí)現(xiàn)。從主電路的構(gòu)成可分析出電動機(jī)或執(zhí)行電器的類型、工作方式,起動、轉(zhuǎn)向、調(diào)速、制動等控制要求與保護(hù)要求等內(nèi)容。
②分析控制電路
主電路各控制要求是由控制電路來實(shí)現(xiàn)的,運(yùn)用“化整為零”、“順藤摸瓜”的原則,將控制電路按功能劃分為若干個局部控制線路,從電源和主令信號開始,經(jīng)過邏輯判斷,寫出控制流程,以簡便明了的方式表達(dá)出電路的自動工作過程。
MEASUREX 08518010
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